Tuesday, 31 March 2020

A conversation with Philip Pullman



In 2008 the well-known writer Philip Pullman was given an honorary Professorship in the Department of English at Bangor University, North Wales. As a graduate of that department (in 1974) I was invited to attend a reunion at which Philip Pullman gave an inaugural talk.

The event was highly enjoyable, not least because of the chance to meet again some people I had not seen for more than 30 years. I discovered, for example, that my first tutor in English, who had started in his job on the same day that I started as a student, was now the Head of Department!

In his address on Saturday 9th February, Philip Pullman gave some insights to the world of fantasy fiction and his reasons for writing. I was also able to have a short private conversation with him later in the day (when I took the accompanying photo), and found him to be a fascinating person to talk to. He is a very level-headed man who can take criticism in his stride, but he is also convinced of the need to speak out when freedom of thought and speech are under attack.

His Dark Materials

The work for which he is best known is "His Dark Materials", a trilogy of novels about the growing-up of two children from parallel worlds who are able to meet and work together to fight the forces of darkness.

He sees the trilogy as a version of the Blakean theme of innocence and experience, but experience is, for Pullman, something to be welcomed and the loss of innocence is not a matter for regret. "Children", he said, "do not play at being children. They play at being grown-ups".

The first of the three novels is known as "Northern Lights" in the UK and several other countries where it has been published in translation, but as "The Golden Compass" in the United States and elsewhere. He said that the reason for the American change of title was too boring to mention, so he didn't mention it! However, he did say that in France the title is (in French) "The Kingdom of the North" - "but that's the French for you!"

The Golden Compass had recently been issued as a film, to great acclaim. Pullman was clearly not displeased with the film, although he said that it "bears a strange resemblance to a book I once wrote". The ending of the book and the film are not the same, although the filming did originally include the final chapter, which takes the reader forward to anticipate the second volume, "The Subtle Knife". This was because of a doubt on the studio's part as to whether films would follow that covered the rest of the trilogy. There would be little point in ending with a cliff-hanger if it was never resolved.

The film has attracted criticism, especially in the United States, for its anti-Christian stance, which is apparent from the activities of "The Magisterium", a thinly-veiled version of the Roman Catholic Church. This is not a problem for Pullman, who is only the latest in a long line of British authors, from Charles Dickens to J. K. Rowling, to have faced American wrath.

When I asked Pullman about my own idea for writing a novel on a highly controversial subject, he was all for it. Books don't worry people any more, he told me, it's only when the mass media produce versions of them that the self-appointed guardians of religion and morality feel the need to tell the rest of us what influences we are allowed to absorb.

Other work

Philip Pullman is not a one-book writer. He had been writing long before he began the seven-year process of producing his most famous work.

He was a teacher who clearly enjoyed the business of opening young minds, but, "I stopped being a teacher when I got worse at it". He has written a number of "fairy stories" and looks forward to writing more of them, a genre that clearly gives him great satisfaction.

Away from the writing (longhand in biro, apparently), he is currently passionate about saving the Oxford boatyard in the Jericho district of the city where the Oxford Canal joins the Thames. The Oxford bargees feature as important characters in "His Dark Materials", but Pullman admitted to me that he has yet to take to the waterways himself.

In conversation

He warns against stretching fantasy further than can be justified by the needs of the story to hand. I had a question of this type, wondering how the concept of daemons ("souls" in animal forms that always accompany humans) could work in the context of a drama production. He had also been asked in the past how characters in Lyra's world could play sports - thirty daemons charging around a rugby field would cause problems surely - and there was the question of how daemons are born.

However, should the need ever arise to explain any of this, he was sure that explanations would be found! In answer to another question from me, he also pointed out that a storyteller is not required to fill in all the gaps of a character's existence. Characters in fiction must have enormous bladders, I said, as they never seem to need to urinate. That was true, he replied, but suppose somebody found a toilet bowl full of blood - that would be a good reason for making a character want to have a pee!

Philip Pullman is a writer who knows how to tell a good story and make important statements about the human condition at the same time. To those people with fixed opinions about what the rest of us should believe, he is something of a bugbear, but as an apostle of the open mind he has few to match him.

©John Welford

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